PHNs are only provided to international (non-students) WITHOUT a US-issued SSN or ITIN. If the employee is a US citizen or permanent resident, or has a US-issued SSN or ITIN, a PHN is not needed. The PHN should NOT be given to the international person. It is an internal, temporary number that cannot be used outside of Vanderbilt. THE PHN IS NOT A U.S. GOVERNMENT ISSUED NUMBER AND TO USE IT OUTSIDE OF VANDERBILT AS AN SSN or ITIN COULD BE CONSIDERED FRAUD AND IS A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW.